Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a surgical procedure aimed at treating conditions related to the misalignment of the jaws. In this article, we will delve into what orthognathic surgery is, its benefits and drawbacks, the cost involved, the ideal candidates for the procedure, the preparation required, the mechanism of the surgery, its duration and results, safety concerns, recovery process, and more.
What is Orthognathic Surgery?
Orthognathic surgery is a complex surgical procedure that involves repositioning the jaws to correct functional and aesthetic abnormalities. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as malocclusion, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), sleep apnea, difficulty in chewing or speaking, and facial imbalances caused by developmental abnormalities or trauma.
What Can Orthognathic Surgery Achieve?
Orthognathic surgery can provide numerous benefits to patients suffering from jaw misalignment or related conditions. Firstly, it improves the functionality of the jaw, allowing for proper biting, chewing, and speech. Additionally, the procedure enhances facial symmetry, providing a more aesthetically pleasing appearance and boosting self-confidence. It can also alleviate symptoms of TMJ disorders, reduce the risk of developing sleep apnea, and enhance overall oral health. Furthermore, orthognathic surgery can have a positive impact on one's quality of life by eliminating pain, discomfort, and difficulties associated with jaw misalignment.
What's Included in Orthognathic Surgery?
Orthognathic surgery involves a comprehensive treatment plan that typically includes several phases. The initial phase involves a thorough examination, which includes dental and facial assessments, X-rays, and 3D imaging to determine the extent of the jaw misalignment. Following this, a treatment plan is developed, which may involve orthodontic treatment prior to surgery. During the surgery, the jaws are repositioned and fixed using internal fixation devices. The final phase involves a period of post-operative care, including follow-up appointments, physical therapy, and orthodontic adjustments if needed.
What Are the Pros and Cons of Orthognathic Surgery?
As with any surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery has its advantages and disadvantages. The benefits include improved jaw function, enhanced facial aesthetics, reduction of TMJ symptoms, and improved oral health. However, potential drawbacks include the need for a lengthy recovery period, potential risks associated with surgery such as infection or bleeding, and the high cost involved. Additionally, orthognathic surgery may require orthodontic treatment before and after the surgery, which can extend the overall treatment duration.
How Much Does Orthognathic Surgery Cost?
The cost of orthognathic surgery can vary depending on factors such as the complexity of the case, the geographic location, the surgeon's experience, and hospital fees. On average, orthognathic surgery can cost between $20,000 and $40,000. However, it is essential to consult with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon to obtain an accurate cost estimate, as insurance coverage and individual treatment plans can affect the final cost.
Who's a Good Candidate for Orthognathic Surgery?
Ideal candidates for orthognathic surgery are individuals with congenital or developmental jaw abnormalities, malocclusion, TMJ disorders, sleep apnea, or those who desire to improve their facial appearance and function. Candidates should be in good overall health, have realistic expectations, and be committed to the treatment process, including pre and post-operative orthodontic care.
Is Orthognathic Surgery Worth It?
The decision to undergo orthognathic surgery is a personal one and depends on the individual's specific circumstances. However, for those experiencing functional limitations, significant aesthetic concerns, and related health issues, orthognathic surgery can be life-changing. The procedure can improve jaw function, alleviate pain, enhance facial harmony, promote oral health, and boost self-esteem. It is essential to thoroughly discuss the potential benefits and risks with a qualified surgeon to make an informed decision.
How to Prepare for Orthognathic Surgery?
Preparing for orthognathic surgery involves various steps. It typically begins with a comprehensive evaluation and consultation with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The surgeon will outline the treatment plan, including any necessary orthodontic preparation or evaluation of potential risk factors. As the surgery date approaches, patients may be advised to undergo various medical tests, refrain from eating or drinking for a specific duration, and adjust their medications as instructed by their healthcare providers.
How Does Orthognathic Surgery Work?
The orthognathic surgery procedure usually takes place under general anesthesia in a hospital or surgical center. Once the patient is anesthetized, the surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth to access the jawbones. The misaligned bones are then repositioned using specialized surgical tools, and fixation devices such as plates, screws, or wires are used to stabilize the jaws. After ensuring proper alignment, the incisions are closed, and the healing process begins. The surgery addresses both functional and aesthetic concerns, providing comprehensive improvement.
How Long Does the Orthognathic Surgery Procedure Take?
The duration of the orthognathic surgery procedure can vary depending on the complexity of the case. On average, the surgery can take anywhere from two to four hours. However, this time frame does not include the pre-operative preparations or the post-operative recovery period.
How Long Does the Effect of Orthognathic Surgery Last?
The effects of orthognathic surgery are typically long-lasting. As the procedure involves repositioning the bones, the structural changes made during surgery can provide permanent results. However, it is important to note that the aging process, natural changes in the facial structure over time, or any underlying conditions that caused the jaw misalignment may still have an impact. Follow-up appointments with the surgeon and adherence to post-operative care instructions can help maintain the results achieved.
Is Orthognathic Surgery Safe?
Orthognathic surgery is generally considered safe when performed by a qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeon. As with any surgical procedure, there are inherent risks involved, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. However, these risks can be minimized by choosing an experienced surgeon, following pre and post-operative instructions, and attending regular follow-up appointments. It is crucial to have a detailed discussion with the surgeon regarding potential risks and safety measures specific to individual cases.
How Soon Will You See Results after Orthognathic Surgery?
The immediate results of orthognathic surgery can be observed once the initial swelling subsides and the healing process begins. However, it is important to note that complete recovery and final results may take several weeks or months. During the recovery period, gradual improvements can be seen as the swelling further reduces and the jaw function continues to improve. The full extent of the results, including improved facial aesthetics and functional benefits, can typically be appreciated six months to a year after the procedure.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Will I need braces before or after orthognathic surgery?
Pre and/or post-operative orthodontic treatment is often necessary to achieve the best results from orthognathic surgery. The position and alignment of the teeth play a crucial role in the overall jaw function and aesthetic outcome. Your orthodontist will work closely with your surgeon to determine the timing and duration of orthodontic treatment.
2. How long is the recovery period after orthognathic surgery?
The recovery period following orthognathic surgery can vary depending on individual factors and the extent of the procedure. Generally, it takes a few weeks for initial healing and a few months for the jaw to fully adapt. It is essential to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your surgeon to ensure a smooth and successful recovery.
3. Will orthognathic surgery be covered by insurance?
Insurance coverage for orthognathic surgery varies depending on the insurance provider and the specific case. In some instances, the surgery may be partially or fully covered if it is deemed medically necessary. It is recommended to review your insurance policy and consult with your surgeon and insurance company to determine the coverage available.
References:
1. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. (n.d.). Orthognathic Surgery: Corrective Jaw Surgery. Retrieved from
2. American Association of Orthodontists. (2021). Orthognathic Surgery. Retrieved from
3. Mayo Clinic. (2021). Orthognathic Surgery. Retrieved from
4. Obwegeser JA, Makek MS. (2020). Orthognathic surgery – principles, planning and practice. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology, 32(3), 171-178.
5. Nemeth TL, Cabrera AB, Marunick MT, et al. (2021). Orthognathic Surgery. StatPearls. Retrieved from
